Lots of social/political answers here, not saying they are wrong, but there are other factors:
1. Africa is WAY bigger than you think it is. The standard map projection makes it look smaller than it really is.
2. Africa as a continent is very hard to navigate to form trade routes. There’s little in the way of navigable rivers, and lots of obstacles like mountains, waterfalls, and deserts in the way.
Those two factors have played (and continue to play) a role is delaying and impeding the development of Africa. If you’re genuinely interested, I highly recommend [this book](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisoners_of_Geography). It’s a gentle and concise introduction to geopolitics, and explains a lot of what’s going on in Ukraine and Taiwan today.
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