eli5: Why is fiber so much better than copper for data transfer?

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Are the electrons in a metal cable not also traveling with the speed of light?!

Why is there so much more bandwidth possible with fiber wiring?

Is the metal cable more prone to external influences? Is the signal getting worse and disturbing itself when trying to achieve higher frequency / bandwidth?

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4 Answers

Anonymous 0 Comments

Fundamentally, it’s because electricity generates and is affected by magnetic fields while light isn’t. Electrical wires will constantly suffer interference both because of outside forces but also because they generate their own magnetic field. We shield the lines and use signal boosters to clean it up but there’s always some level of noise after a few miles.

Glass fiber doesn’t have this issue. Yes, there’s some loss in power but no loss in clarity. You can boost the signal back up and carry it nearly perfectly for hundreds of miles.

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