It’s not really a science problem, it’s an engineering and logistics problem. In order to build a nuclear bomb a nation has to muster a vast array of resources, skills, and manufacturing and organizational capabilities to enable them to clear a number of expensive, highly complex and time-consuming hurdles. Even though the science of fission is fairly well-understood, there are still numerous areas that will require significant R&D, especially in fields like materials science, because those who have done that research aren’t sharing it. And that’s assuming you can endure the significant international pressure that will come as soon as the nature of your project is known to the world.
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