Eli5: Why is it so hard for a country to make a nuclear bomb?

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I’m assuming the science of making one is out there. Why then countries like Iran who so want to develop atomic weapons haven’t been able to do so?

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The difficulty is making bomb grade Uranium or Plutonium. 99.3% of Uranium is non boom making Uranium-238 and only 0.7% is boom making Uranium-235.

Because they are both Uranium, getting rid of the non-boom making Uranium-238 is REALLY REALLY hard. Basically the modern way is making the uranium into a gas and spinning it REALLY REALLY fast. Uranium-238 being a bit more heavy goes more to the outside than U235. This means that the Uranium gas in the middle has slightly more Uranium 235. So after 1 centrifuge you are left with 99.25% Non-BOOM and 0.75% BOOM Uranium. You repeat the process until your Uranium is mostly BOOM Uranium.

The machines to do that need to be very very very very precise because they have to spin very very very fast. Each very makes it that much harder to do.

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enriched_uranium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enriched_uranium)

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