Whenever the screen you are viewing does not cover the same amount of your visual field as its FoV then it will be distorted. The human visual field is around 120 degrees so to properly view that on a screen it would need to be everything you can see.
The peripheral vision is “curved” as you say because it is the edge of a hemisphere squashed onto a smaller flat plane. Conceptually 360 degree vision would be a sphere, right? So if you flatten 180 degrees onto a flat surface you get the same kind of distortion you would get turning a globe into a flat map.
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