eli5 – Why is the heat pump more efficient?

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We have a heat pump for heating. How is it that it’s cheaper to use it than just turn the oven on to warm the house? Also when the heat pump is off it still circulates air.

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Have you ever filled a balloon with helium? Or used a CO2 cartridge? Or really any kind of aerosol like Febreeze? You may have noticed that the can gets colder as you spray. That’s because the gas inside is under pressure, and relieving the pressure cools it down. Now, if you let the (very very) cold gas warm up outside, you can compress it again and get a very very hot canister of gas. Bring that inside and let it warm up the inside air, and you have a heat pump. This uses less energy because the compression step isn’t actually putting energy into the gas, but instead just concentrating it.

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