Wood is a large collection of different molecules bonded in various ways. Instead of melting, if you apply sufficient heat to wood those bonds start to break down and the molecules get broken into different forms. Some of the result will be a liquid and flow or boil away, others will sublimate into gases directly, others will remain solid and require far more heat before they break down and go through similar processes. Plenty of the processes would be anaerobic and would happen regardless of oxygen.
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