Good comments so far. What hasn’t been touched is that an efficient nuclear bomb produces littles radiation. It turns the most amount of material into fissile matter and splits damn near 100% of it. The more material turned into energy, the less radioactive material left around afterwards in the fall out. That’s the military ideal.
For less than moral applications, you could mix in other radioactive material that isn’t fissile material and contaminate a massive area and poison it for hundreds, thousands years, maybe even longer.
If you look at the 2 sites bombed in Japan less than 100 years ago, people are living there again. The destruction was massive, but the lingering radiation was low, they were efficient devices. On the other hand, you look at Chernobyl which only damaged a single building, but released all this radioactive material which blanketed a huge surrounding area making it still uninhabitable in some spots to this day. It is all the radioactive material not being consumed that poisons everything.
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