It is not the heat that is the problem it is the water. If it is not glazed it is porous and water getting into it that is the problem.
What is also stated is that hand-painted ceramics should not be put in the dishwasher, that is to protect the paint. That sounds quite reasonable.
I have not tried that myself, that is because I do not use that type of ceramic so I do not know if that really is a problem. It is stated online and by some manufacturers of dishwasher detergent. It looks like part of the problem is that it can absorb the dishwasher detergent and it can get into your food. Dishsing a cup by hand is not hard so I would just do that and avoid the dishwasher.
https://bigtimekitchen.com/pottery-in-dishwasher/
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