Was it a lack of manpower? Was it geographic circumstances? Why couldn’t civilizations like, say, Babylon or Rome have an Industrial Revolution?
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It’s hard to imagine any sort of industrial revolution happening before the enlightenment. That’s when the birth of modern science and engineering happened.
The British empire had the required talent, resources, manpower incentive and political stability for the industrial revolution to happen.
The Dutch had money but not enough manpower. The French had excellent scientific talent but no political stability. The Spanish were mostly just interested in extracting resources from their colonies. The Germans and Italians were technologically behind most of the other big players.
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