I’ve commented to my son that the big advantage of early agriculture was an abundance of cereal grains. The big disadvantage was a paucity of anything else.
But when you have fifty poorly nourished farmers going up against ten well-nourished nomadic hunter/gatherers, the nomads eventually retreat. After a certain point, the farmers control all the land suitable for agriculture.
The remarkable superabundance of modern agriculture is a relatively recent phenomenon.
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