I’ll take a shot. Measuring an ear that was laying on the pillow doesn’t measure any “extra” heat, but it still will be inaccurate. The manufacturer of the thermometer has calibrated its readouts based on measurements taken from an ear that was out in the open. Ear temperatures of a person will always be a little cooler than oral or rectal temperatures, so the manufacturer has to take that it account.
For example, through lots of study, they’ll determine that if the ear thermometer measures 102 degrees, it corresponds to a real (taken rectally) body temperature of 104 degrees. The difference is the result of cooling that happens because the ear is out in the open. They’ll calibrate the thermometer to show 104 when it reads 102.
If you measure an ear that was insulated by the pillow, it is losing less heat to the air, so it might be closer to that real temperature of 104 degrees. When the thermometer then “corrects” the temperature, it will show up at 106.
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