Not in any meaningful sense of running out of “stuff”. The earth is probably far larger and more massive than you imagine. All life (biomass) on the planet is not a fraction of a fraction of a fraction of a fraction of a fraction of the mass of the earth. In that sense all life on earth is pretty much nothing compared to the size of the planet.
Well before we “run out” of stuff, there are things that would limit our population – and that is probably the energy needed. Nearly every bit of energy that sustains life comes from the sun (the only bits that are not is geothermal and nuclear). At the way we currently can use this energy available (plants etc) we’d probably reach a limit there before we run out of stuff. Of course, humans are pretty smart and we can improve technology and perhaps our energy efficiency.
This is fairly big picture stuff. Scientists “grade” potential alien civilizations by their ability to use and generate useful energy. Useful energy is very likely to be not only the limiting factor for humans on earth but the universe in general.
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