[ELI5]How do wells work?

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Where does the water come from? How did people back in the day know there’s water there? How was it safe to drink if it was publicly accessible?

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When it rains, where does that water go? Certainly, you’ll see streams of it running along, but you’ll also see it soaking *into* the ground. Dirt is, after all, fairly absorbent.

Just like water outside of the ground, water in the ground flows down and downhill. The result is a “water level” under the ground, beneath which you’ll find water. Dig a hole down here, and that water will fill the bottom of it. That’s a well.

Don’t put something poisonous in the well, and it’s safe to drink. For a town well, that would be more or less an act of terrorism. Provided nobody does that, there’s nothing wrong with sharing a well.

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