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Another way to put it, not so technically, is they are a logical way of sub-diving a computer network into meaningful parts. Think of an office building, with two floors of cubicals and offices, and a server room. You plan out how many network ports are needed on each of the two floors.
The first floor is mostly cubicals, and the second floor is mostly offices. So you _allocate_ the 200+ network ports on the first floor to one subnet, and the 20+ network ports on the second to another; the first allocation (again, the subnet) is “larger” than the second, simply based on the requirements. The server room is going to get more servers over time, so you can start with a small subnet to start, and then increase it in six months with a simple redefinition. The “you” in this case is the network tech planning and maintaining the network — and critically, none of the employees need to worry about any of these allocations.
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