The fan’s induction motor doesn’t produce any torque when it’s at rest, so you need a different mechanism to start it than you do once it’s spinning and inducing a current. Fans have a special shaded pole motor just for starting up; it steals a little electrical energy from the stator coil to give the fan a little nudge so that it can start. The amount of torque it produces is pretty small, so they set it up so that you always have to start the fan in the “3” position.
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