Fundamentally, what is a PC architecture, what is the difference between x64, x86, ARM, whatever else etc. and why do they offer different benefits or drawbacks or performances
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All other explainations are very technical and I think they go beyond the point of the question.
The instruction set (like x86 or ARM) is the way the processor operates and in what way you need to give it instructions. In the end, they can both do the same things and even run the same programs, but their differences in operation mean that the code for those programs is written in a different way depending on the architecture.
For instance, on ARM, instructions have a fixed and predefined length (written in binary with 0 and 1) while x86 has variable length instructions with a different way to separate between them in the binary code. If you just give the ARM code to the x86 processor, it would not be ae to do meaningful operations on it at all.
Imagine a French and a German engineer, they can both do the same job even if they use slightly different methodologies, but each needs instructions in their respectable language, otherwise they won’t do the job.
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