Peer review is a process where the article is critiqued before publication.
Journal editors will usually reach out to people to have them review papers in the relevant fields, or sometimes if it’s a more niche field they can ask the authors to provide the names of independent reviewers to look over the paper.
The basic process is the authors submit the manuscript -> the editor checks for basic formatting errors and sends it back for correction if errors are present -> the editor sends it to the reviewers -> the reviewers provide the editor with comments as well as a recommendation of accept/accept with revisions/reject -> the authors submit a revised version (if not outright rejected) -> publication. This can be a months long process from submission to publication.
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