You write programming code in special programming languages.
This code is essentially a very detailed description of what you want the chip to do.
Then some very expensive computer programs work out what arrangement of transistors are required to implement that and how arrange them on the chip.
The code will be worked on by teams of people, sometimes hundreds. It will be divided up into sections which do specific things and many of those sections will get their own teams. Also sections of code can be reused between different chips and improved on over time.
Writing code is a bit like writing a reference book like a dictionary or encyclopedia where each section has to correctly reference other sections but has it’s own detail inside.
But the main thing is the humans deal with the code, computer programs turn that into billions of transistors.
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