Political will and in many cases economic prosperity. Especially in Singapore’s case, modern Singapore was founded by Malaysian Chinese who wanted to escape the persecution they experienced in Malaysia so they decided as a people, “fuck this, we can run our own country anyway” and once they all settled into their new country the government made it a point to enable their people to work hard and build an economy that’s strong enough that they don’t need to rely on a larger country anymore. Basically it doesn’t matter how small you are. If you as a nation want independence and prosperity enough you will work hard to get there
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