Basically, they’re bruises caused by your body not being able to repair itself efficiently
The skin under the eyes is pretty thin, and the blood vessels there are pretty dainty because of that. This means those blood vessels tend to get pretty damaged just with regular use.
Normally, your body would be able to repair them well enough to keep up with damage. But sleep deprivation impairs your body’s ability to repair itself, so the blood vessels in your eyelids don’t get repaired as well as normal.
The vessels eventually start to swell so they can try and get more blood flow in the area to fix the issue. This extra blood pools underneath the skin, creating a purple colour (this is what we call “bruising”)
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