Some good answers here, just to add, ants don’t have lungs. They have small holes called spiracles that they can close when thrown into water. Ants have a very slow metabolic rate compared to us so they can hold their breath for the better part of a day. If the ants just wanted to sit in wet dirt and wait the rain out they probably could. Also ants know in advanced when it is going to rain and you will see them very active before heavy rain preping their ant homes or whatever.
When you see them in a ball rolling around in heavy rain it’s because they band together to be above the water. When they roll around, it gives everyone the opportunity to get their turn to get a gasp of air until they can get to solid ground. (I had a friend in college that was an agronomy major. Ants were all the guy talked about, even drunk at a rager lol)
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