You know those windows in police rooms? Like one side you can see into the questioning room but in the questioning room it’s a mirror? How are those made? How do you see out of them?
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Mirrors are made by coating a piece of glass with silver or another reflective metal, usually aluminium.
Traditionally, silver was used because if you dipped glass into a solution of silver nitrate and sugar, the solution would leave a layer of silver on the glass. These days, aluminium is available and it can be evaporated onto glass by heating aluminium wire and the glass in a vacuum oven.
There is a certain thickness of metal needed to make the reflective layer completely reflective and get a good mirror. If you don’t put enough on, then the metal will be thin enough to see through although it will still be shiny and reflective. In the case of “two way” glass, this thin metal layer is made deliberately.
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