Ants do everything through pheromone signals. There is no central coordination, only the chance that if one ant starts doing one thing while leaving a pheromone trail, other ants will follow suit and amplify that trail. So if one ant feel overcrowded and starts digging away somewhere that she thinks has the right humidity and temperature for the needed room, if other ants also feel like the room needs to be built, they will interact with that ants pheromones, find the dig site, and start working away, building a chamber.
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