The manufacturer flies it (sometimes multiple times) following a checklist to perform a large variety of tests. Then the customer typically test flies it once or twice as an acceptance flight. If everything passes, the customer purchases the plane. This is pretty much exactly like it happens in the automotive world.
I’ve done many new aircraft deliveries for the A220 fleet.
Some manufacturers and buyers have a combined test flight. And sometimes that customer’s test fight is done on the delivery.
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