How are colourblind people able to recognize the colours when they put on the special glasses, they have never seen those colours, right?
In: Biology
In addition to what’s been said, most of those ‘reveal’ videos are fake.
The glasses kit itself will tell you about the importance of conditioning your eyes by wearing the glasses casually for a few hours a day, for a few weeks.
I’ve known half a dozen people that tried them; they only worked for two of them, and neither of those people had a “Put it on and start crying” moment.
Others have already explained this very well.
I want to point out that they are not able to recognize the colors. They can now distinguish between colors that they were unable to before. They do have to learn what they are, however.
My friend got these glasses, and there was a beautiful sunset as we were driving home from an amusement park. She kept commenting on the colors, and calling them by the wrong names. She also is a retro gamer, and there was a game where she said, “It’s so much easier to play this now that I can see the bullets.”
From someone who has protanomalous colorblindness, your assumption is correct. We’ve never seen the colors before and can’t reasonably talk about what they are. When I put my enchroma glasses on I’m seeing literally a different world than I normally do. It’s the reason that you see a lot of emotional videos where people start crying. It’s overwhelming to see the “real” world that we miss out on every day, how vivid and beautiful it is.
Having protanomaly means I’ve never seen the color purple with my own rods and cones in the natural world. My eyes cannot physically process that wavelength. The glasses bend the light coming in to give my brain an imitated sense of seeing purple and the proper shades of loads of other colors as well. It really is a thing of beauty.
You have color receptors in your eyes known as ‘cones’. These cones are tuned to one of three different wavelengths of light (generally, red, green and blue). They react most strongly to the exact wavelength of their tuning, but they also react less strongly to color near that wavelength.
Lastly, you have ‘rods’ which detect overall brightness.
So let’s say I shine a pure yellow light in your eyes. Your rods will give you a clue about how bright the light is. To determine the color, your red cones will detect the yellow light as somewhat distant (dim), your green cones will detect the yellow light as relatively close (bright) and your blue cones will detect the yellow light as somewhat distant (dim). The combination of all this information allows you to guess ‘yellow’ as the color of the light.
However, while this system works fairly well for pure wavelengths of light, it doesn’t have enough information to accurately describe an entire spectrum of light. In essence, you’re just making ‘best guesses’ at what mixture of color you’re staring at.
In (most) colorblindness, the issue is that two of your cones are tuned to wavelengths that are abnormally close to one another.
To understand why this causes a problem, imagine we’re playing a game where you try to find me. I tell you how far away I am from New York, Chicago and Los Angeles. With that information, you should easily be able to triangulate my location in three dimensions.
But what if I instead tell you how far away I am from New York, Chicago and Milwaukee? The fact that Chicago and Milwaukee are practically on top of one another means that I’m really giving you information that looks a lot more like two points of data (New York and Chicago/Milwaukee) than three points of data. It becomes much harder for you to locate me because even small errors can confuse the results.
The same is true when your cones are tuned to the ‘wrong’ wavelengths.
What color correction lens do is they block wavelengths located in between the too-close cones to reduce this confusion. As a result, your eyes receive an additional bit of information: a known dead zone. So instead of color wavelengths in that range being easily confused, you don’t see them at all and instead rely on the color ranges you can easily discriminate.
**Background**
To humans, all colors are merely a combination of red (R), green (G) and blue (B). We have cells in our eyes (called cones) that compare intensities of RGB. Why RGB? The colors R,G, and B are spaced distinctly far apart on the color spectrum. And the more distinct and farther apart the cones are on the color spectrum, the wider range of colors we can see, and the more precisely we can tell them apart.
**Explanation**
These glasses only work for a **specific kind of colorblindness** where the green cones mutate to become more sensitive to the neighborhood of red, orange and yellow light and less sensitive to green. So now when red light comes in, the brain still gets an signal from the green cone, which is wrong. Also, when green light comes in, the green cones, which the brain usually expects to turn on, don’t. This overlap of sensitivity between mutated green cones and red makes it hard to tell colors between red and green apart.
These glasses help by blocking wavelengths of light between red and green, thus exaggerating the difference such that the mutated green cones can function a bit more like normal green cones. With this comparison ability somewhat restored, the “color-blind” can better discriminate in that otherwise problematic area of red through green.
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