For Norway: Historically, the cold has stopped most people from immigrating. Plus back then we weren’t especially rich, so it wasn’t that attractive to live here to begin with. In fact, like a lot of Europe, a ton of us migrated to America back in the day
For modern day, now that we are an attractive place to live because of both richness and the fact that the cold matters a lot less when you have central heating, as most other countries we simply limit immigration through laws, keeping the population relatively stable by weighing up immigrations with our low number of births
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