There’s a record in the filesystem saying what files exist and what blocks on the storage system contain the pieces of the file. When you delete something it just clears that record and marks the blocks available for new use. This means that the data is still technically there and could be read if you could re-discover the blocks and put them in the right order.
“Secure delete” goes in and zeroes out the bits first, to make sure the data actually no longer exists.
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