I’m not in IT but I think when you delete a file it’s just a logical deletion, ie the data remains on the drive but it is marked as overwritable. So when you write in a new file, it’s written on top of the old one, making it unreadable. On most storage hardware you can actually recover deleted data without much difficulty, unless it has been overwritten by new files many times.
Edit:to elaborate.
Writing data on a medium is essentially using a magnet to mark tiny north/south areas on it (0s and 1s… Bits) You delete it, the magnetic head comes back to the same area of the medium and changes the magnetised areas again, overwriting the old file with a new one.
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