There are tons of rules and regulations to follow, and that impacts track design.
Width, length, top speed, safety features and so on will dictate wether the track is eligible to regional, no timed nor competition use to full fledged F1 track. In France for example, tracks where you cant go faster than 125mph are limited to regional use and do not have much supervision, while F1 tracks are supervised by the government.
The design by itself is a result of these rules and the geography / elevation changes, and of course stuff that makes the track interesting, like areas that have multiple lines for overtaking, challenging corners and so on.
Of course some regulations can be bypassed, as F1 tracks made from roads are still used yet do not comply.
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