They don’t have the same performance because the one installed in your laptop isn’t the same as the one in your desktop case. They share a similar marketing name but a [NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 Mobile](https://www.techpowerup.com/gpu-specs/geforce-rtx-4090-mobile.c3949) is smaller and weaker than a [NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090](https://www.techpowerup.com/gpu-specs/geforce-rtx-4090.c3889). The bigger size of both the board and the casing allows more transistors and better heat management in the GPU (which in turn allow even more transistors).
GPU manufacturers are trying to blur the line between the two by reusing brand name and naming convention (GeForce RTX serie 40 for example) to make customers believe their newly bought $3700 gaming laptop is actually equiped with the strong stuff.
However they are somewhat constrained by various countries’ laws against false advertising (hence the “M” or “Mobile” name).
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