It is based on the number of countries that will allow you to enter without a visa if you hold said passport.
So, for example, based on [these numbers](https://www.henleyglobal.com/passport-index/ranking) France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Singapore and Spain are all ranked #1 as you can enter 194 countries if you hold one of those passports. Afghanistan is the lowest-ranked passport on their list, at 104th, as you can only enter 28 countries with that passport.
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