How are people on a submarine able to be spacially aware of what’s around them?

Question

Example – In *The Hunt For Red October*, Petty Officer Jones can tell where submarines are and what they’re doing just be listening to sonar. So how do submariners do this, especially since there aren’t any viewscreens or windows on the boat? Like how did Jones know that USS *Dallas* just inbetween *Red October* and the Soviet sub to distract the torpedo?

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Answer 1

I’m not the OP but this topic also interests me. I understand (I think) the use of passive sonar to “roughly” have a direction and range to another vessel. Someone mentioned trigonometry, but isn’t the submarine’s whole length insuficient to get a proper value especially at great distances?