All programming languages (when it comes down to it) either are compiled – translated directly to something the computer can understand down at the metal – or interpreted – read by a different program that tells the computer what to do as it’s reading.
So, if you want to make a new programming language all you have to do is use any of the numerous already existing programming languages to write a program that does one of the two things: Either turns files written in your new language in to something the computer understands without help, or reads the file and executes the code as it goes.
There are some nuances and “in-betweens”, but that’s more or less how it goes.
In the long ago before human-readable programming languages existed you’d type in your program directly in to memory, either via physical switches, a series of punch-cards, or other similar systems.
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