Can’t speak to the sniper but can speak about the pilot side of things.
For Air to Air, every screen in the jet is recorded along with voice comms. Paired with TAC C2 data, you can figure out the sort of each missile, and did that contact die.
For Air to Ground, it can be via targeting pod or post strike Battle Damage Assessment.
For those wondering, an absolute insane amount of work goes into identifying who is hostile and minimizing civilian casualties. Is it perfect? No, but that’s the horrible nature of war.
Source: Am fighter pilot
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