Yes they are all allotted a number based on bay (fore and aft position), row (port/starboard position) and tier (height).
Position is determined by a few things. There are physical constraints on stack heights. Dangerous goods need to be in certain places. Refrigerated containers need to be in certain places.
Overall weight placement needs to be considered to ensure the vessel is stable and relatively level.
And then the vessel wants to have the least number of container moves at any given port, which means trying to stack everything so that containers don’t have to be moved to get to other containers.
It’s done by software. Its a gigantic game of freecell.
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