They are ordered based on a number of criteria by specialists in an office, the instructions on where a specific container should go are then sent to the port and eventually to the crane operator.
Ships make stops to multiple ports and restacking containers is a waste of time and money. So the big criteria is to stack containers so they don’t have to be moved multiple times, as in don’t put a container for a port 2 stops away on top of a container for the next port. Weight is also a factor.
Then there may be special containers that have to go in certain places, refrigerated containers need to go near power sources. Most containers are 20ft or 40ft and oddly sized containers (like 53′ containers) need to go on the top, so they can hang over adjacent stacks.
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