Another user mentioned the torque converter. Basically, a torque converter is a fluid-filled chamber with 2 fans on each side. When the input shaft spins one fan, it turns the fluid which turns the fan that drives the output shaft.
When brakes hold the car stationary, the input fan spins the oil, but the oil cannot transfer the force needed to turn the output fan. When brakes are released, force transmitted through the oil again turns the output fan.
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