How can a battery bank at 10% charge a phone at 90%
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The charge % you see is more about how much energy is in the cell, not how much voltage is in the cell.
So it’s like a super soaker filling a bucket on top of the house. The bucket of water may have more potential energy in it than the super soaker, but if you increase the voltage (pump up the soaker) you can shoot the water from a lower energy place (you on the ground) to a higher energy place on top of the house.
Charge voltage has to be higher than what is being charged. The battery bank has an amount of power in it (usually expressed in watts or milliwatts, or amp hours). The bank will create a voltage higher than what it is charging, and move the power from charger to drained battery. So even if it is low on power, it can take that power, increase the voltage high enough that it will charge a battery. Even if the battery has more power than the battery bank.
If you have a tiny battery, but it is higher voltage than a bigger battery, you can charge the bigger battery with the smaller one. (note to add, it won’t increase the power by much, but it will increase).
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