There is a very big difference between throughput and latency.
Refresh rate depends on throughput – to get a 1000Hz refresh, you need 1000 complete frames a second. If you can only fit 144 a second onto the screen, it doesn’t matter how quickly the monitor can react – each new frame still needs to actually get there.
1ms just means that once the data is in the monitor, it only takes 1ms to use.
As an extreme example, take a typical CRT. The CRT has no memory whatsoever – it just scans the frame in a consistent pattern, and displays whatever color is on the wire at that exact moment. So the latency (response time) is essentially zero. But, it takes 1/60 of a second to finish the pattern, so it only does 60 fps.,
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