One of your primary assumptions is incorrect – “you can only harvest once a year.” Perhaps one crop might only be harvested once a year, but most family farmers are not mono-culture and have multiple fields with several different crops.
Many different plants have different harvest times. Some examples: Winter wheat is wheat that is planted in fall and harvested in summer. Several berry fruits, like strawberries and raspberries, are harvested in the summer months. Vegetables like potatoes are also a summer crop. I’m sure you are also aware of the many crops, such as staple grains, that are harvested in fall.
In addition, most family farmers have at least some animals on their farm. A handful of chickens will produce enough eggs to eat a hearty breakfast every day. Finally, like others mentioned, farmers go to the grocery store with the money they earn selling their produce in bulk.
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