TLDR: it doesn’t
Google maintains a database that it uses for its searches called an index.
Its tools scrape websites (web crawlers) looking for keywords and other things that it then notes in the database.
When you do a Google Search what it’s actually doing is looking up that text search in its own database which is why it’s so fast.
The secret sauce for Google is how it optimizes this index to get good results. Exactly what Google is doing in that index is a bit of a dark art, as its somewhat of a trade secret. Googles ability to generate effect searches is ultimately what caused it to dominant the market and push other search engines like Lycos and Alta Vista out of the market.
Reverse engineering what they do though is possible.
SEO – Search Engine Optimization is the process where web developers use the knowledge they have about how Google works to tune websites to get that site to appear higher on a Google search.
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