I’m a junior EE student, but I’m still genuinely confused about this, and other answers still haven’t cleared my confusion. How can voltages be manipulated by code in a digital circuit without someone physically closing and opening circuit connections?
In: Engineering
You might find it interesting to read a bit about computer architecture, von Neumann and Harvard Architecture.
These building blocks are made out of logic gates, which in turn are made out of transistors. Group the various building blocks together and now you’ve got a primitive ripple carry adder. Group many of these together and you’ve got an arithmetic logic unit. Group those together… Etc etc.
To understand what the actual voltage does it makes sense to just go one abstraction level higher. Keep going until you get to your keyboard.
There is a very handy Java applet that I used to play with as an EE.
https://www.falstad.com/circuit/
Have a look at the sequential logic examples.
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