You really can’t. And also the caste markers often tend to vary by state and region as does the intricacies of the caste system. On the whole, a poor Indian may usually be assumed to belong to one of the lower castes, especially certain professions but even that is not a given since so much of India is poor and you will often find upper castes performing manual labour as well. Surnames and village names and records of parents etc are usually used. Also while the upper and middle classes are dominated by upper castes that doesn’t mean that all upper castes are well off or that all lower castes are poor or lower class. I know I’ve probably caused more confusion but it is in reality an irrational and discriminatory system and like others of that ilk, it doesn’t make a lot of sense to those outside.
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