Lots of answers here but here is something a little simpler.
Phones prioritize size, they use 1 single flash chip which is directly accessed by the CPU. This is slower but small.
Computer prioritize speed, they use multiple chips in parallel with a dedicated controller and DRAM memory for caching. Quite a few more chips involved here.
Lets see your phone do 5+GB/s transfer rates.
A lot of 2280 SSDs actually only contain one memory chip and a controller, the other 3 slots are empty, and the back side is completely bare. See SN570 for example. But storage chips can be even smaller, and the controller on the phones is integrated into the SoC, so no need for a separate controller. There’s also no need for a connector and a daughter board, because the storage chip is soldered directly onto the main board.
Desktop SSDs could be even smaller, in fact 2240 SSDs also exist, but most PCs use 2280, so that’s what the typical desktop SSD will be like, for convenience. Most PCs will accept shorter 22mm wide SSDs though. 2.5″ SSDs are also mostly empty, but are still sold in the same form factor to fit the standard mounting.
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