The base used to express a number is simply a language, whereas being prime is an inherent property of a number.
Think about the object you see every day that has four wheels, a hood and front compartment, a rear compartment, and a space in the middle for ~5 people to sit. In English we call this a car, but Spanish calls it el auto. German calls it das auto. Japanese, Chinese, Russian, each language has their own word for this object. But what language you speak doesn’t change the fact that it is a car.
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