I’ll talk about Alpha, Beta and Gamma radiation.
Alpha and Beta radiation can be stopped, alpha by a sheet of paper and Beta by a layer of aluminum. Because it’s basically particles travelling at high-speed, so it can be stopped with matter.
But Gamma is different, like x-ray it’s light.
And just like visible light can travel throught glass, so does gamma/X-ray can travel throught a wall as if there’s nothing.
Unless it’s a material with properties capable of absorbing Gamma/X-ray, it won’t stop. This is why lead is used.
Even so, gamma can go throught lead. My analogy for that is that lead is like a really opaque glass, with enough lead you can stop the radiation, but use too little and it won’t be able to stop all of it.
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