In general, locks work by pins lining up with gaps. There are tons of ways to make this more complicated, using rotating discs, false gates, magnetic balancing, but in it’s simplest terms, a lock opens when all the pins in the lock are lined up with all the gaps and the lock can turn
If you listen to the action of the pins, and have a solid understanding of how the lock works, you can manipulate the pins via the unlock mechanism (key/dial/whatever) and line them up with the gaps to open the lock
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