You dont normally use normal screws for stuff like that either heavy duty screws into something like a stud that can support a lot of weight or something like toggle bolts which are actually pretty clever. They spead out behind the drywall once inserted and spread the force of the weight out along a greater area of wall rather than a single spot. Basically taking advantage of physics. You can drastically increased the amount of weight a wall can support that way as well.
Think of it like a big cup of water. When you try and push the cup over, the water in the bottom doesn’t want to let it fall over, and it’ll just tip back upright. But if you push it JUST far enough, the weight of the water makes it tip all the way and spill all over. Screwing the top of the cup to a wall prevents it from ever getting to that tipping point, even if it doesn’t have any water in it.
If you’re talking about masonry walls, it’s pretty simple. Masonry is really dense and strong. It literally is supporting a building. The 100 or so pounds is negligible as long as the screws can hold the weight. That being said I’ve never seen a fish tank hanging on a wall in a house. They’re generally on a stand because of how heavy they are.
But the basic answer is bricks and concretas are really strong. As long as you drill into them properly, they can hold a ton of weight.
It works by applying force across the screws and the walls. Where the closer you are to the wall, the more the force is distributed across the wall and the screws. And each screw applied distributes that force from the equipment more evenly.
Kind of like a bed of nails. The more nails you have the more the weight is distributed. To the point each nail is taking up just a pound or less.
If in doubt, and if I’m hanging anything – excluding small stuff obviously, I use expanding bolts, so I don’t have to have that niggle in the back of my mind of if/when something gives out. I do a lot of “odd bits” for folk, and find the standard fitting supplied with so many things “ok” but, just that. Big fat expanding bolts are the way forward, they havn’t let me down yet 👌🏾
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