Sensor size
Smartphones have small sensors mainly due to the limited space, because of this the size of the pixels is reduced, meaning that the ability to capture light is limited which can make it more susceptible to noise.
On the other hand a DSLR for example may not have as many megapixels as the smartphone but due to its larger sensor, it can have larger pixels which allow for light to be more accurately captured and hence reducing noise, which in turn generally leads to a better quality image.
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